*l(..@s\t[#=eRq7"8'_]V52eAJGjIX:cR6G3q[2n[/iDiFFX)^C1dK-Obku0C0Jl 9jTHut2*n8R,:pp=V@7V#Q=4b&qg'2c8Ccji2jZR/-f*g)nJ0. 8;XEL=`W7f&j:g6:nQYK$)7j>r[8D(0W4$2*RZAXpUhUf9Z*@,78"X6cVB\gd #Bu! 1:/GO"YL0S1,&W>jIn&5rOMLQUGYX%ApKI"KrCY-FS?#%b". ]-jR##VYFS8mUh@o#r+Ra!Q> trailer << /Info 606 0 R /Root 608 0 R /Size 691 /Prev 1398684 /ID [<69a16c71ea98a94f871372b6cd32bc88>] >> 05ja\/ZEZD*.>U!^)sbMm5]*nYHj8&TcA\.%jTB, *"`"'NMb>j?$@V7kii:g_hg/6\d/1'mP_DJTa2=GnuKH& .CM#Ll+1a\^X:u3o*Y\qf7=d=@r3jP3UE\LQ$GZMVO@">/d#WD6#PLVcSV]cJ"nO> 34,rkqYCtW@e9FaX;`PX5Pc0#SiZoo#(QHdjO6b$N`R]sXp'A\q-\]`B=,4_mLn;1( Ms-l'([A"oB[skL2/*2o:Vk?$XC8UGCT76e=&!W&mFfrS"8mj;s"@"A#%`'7YY"US GOIJ64Z)D-adRlm5F*r#lDFE*iVk*'iPlFNA5*^:TU$j?95aa[I/+9g.m8=H[P[)9 husr1WO#H9gKKEC_EtQ'R_Ybc:R[_;2MtCp2)$7"6Yp_fG7>Kc8u=+i\E[4G)nj8R lr_ho%;)NBiTtA=SkWZY?k)HP[ZK=dIa!8XmU`HP^TmIu.J/qI'Z9T7^GY]H\Y-1,05XC [bgjd];(_ZU^\&;m_&Spl(:cO%KNeS`a\~> 2011-08-18T14:21:44+01:00 _CCg9>#]I!.jTps'#Yt"q:/B/, \o$cZ7PK$R3)#+Z1LLPE04)CR^QdU`fC7]%#DneZG;=>Q8nlL3o@>XW]5c? ,-Pabm9X(),@40DGu&5GG5';TmZAuqia#R8d3846k#\ 0000004542 00000 n Q/9"lY-%,"_%kq@a^Do-pDmu1YL@+"4uOo8:DE=gGuC1`CBKhA!_jr.16SDo#-HoS oJcRpiY'lq.2hl[k:4jr1[H3Wc[>_`0NqO^4QIU7! lO"C&d19-0IOLO3M*gnuudF $1O"%qT>"k?82(,R$&W`K%fdmM6akZ;M>8`!gGq\BFG!+4K<4mEu=?o`3.c;U09f8 endstream endobj 11 0 obj <> endobj 15 0 obj <>stream 610 0 obj mfq^Al`pTt-deKd6qlS%I0OR49!lek\u*F22GGAf:0[VBTS>CneIqtjaIi+K0Zid< &GKYBq[C)%;`(9#pniFZlUh!E(D@ZGIa`HbL[@_c=pf^d&%Qk(ag5fc!>h*K@>i`. 5JOtK5et1O6,CCS6GgUW6c6g[7)[$_7E*6c7`NHg8&rZk8BAlo8]f)s9$5;UX"B;q'4F<7KFJjR=4c'V=P29Z do\`r^sp.P4H\KRogdS/(#Hk24IrsWZL;^N04Ud^pG.L':CN!L6Hh9Nrg"UKlZ&7' *,c+3'9_1MW-Q"qP29E6+--'i@4)Ic:X1N;hjl[;_ge:C$K-sHD#g6o&["3(@Y[Y_ ]Z3ns4.Lq,ATb%KL(;:k0V8Ps-K-i!L*fQF&de8))2GU/Z4]`FV:7C2VMrSldXDjP q4Be)r\*SKZCSK;L#FEK44I.l#8B"H]Yf9e*^%BN]2)mS$7KE'66\b5VOo$44IJ/, !ND-rl2q0O>F2"/PK#DhPMDEG/+e%_!>'>37S]l "1jWkbPls?,I1M1W#V$j[fD6LG"a0_tWP431k"U9#ZA 0000054474 00000 n R*%7R/J[TpNDrLgV)K@#(+u5[@]NaF1Drl4X3#%5r^Ak1hC(m[kJe2*P'Eh9&Uq,Q %PDF-1.6 %âãÏÓ =$16+2&J'f%.+Q\pt'nP5ZebW5om#ITc:gJ>/nB. 8*Q[?<3B5MY8hYFGMhT?jmfLo+cg\S?,r81r)]dXe(%+AS()kXP[E@fkf/&DaVI.M]UU@)T,&N7(f-8q"B'E"cY;A`[H'@(ch?Dba50c@H qY\MaDEojmFXNA? ]_0NbZ$`UZ`C^IsOCfh:R$hfeIulGqj_CY5I: 0000029062 00000 n 8/sUtj5H-R8W9KsqCsad=K,=@N=Xm:\\r1ZGS$!iIhDLZ*O$e52mU>O`AF1HUXOj> l1*CPLgbY;ljWYmB]JT6$uYkT];e7 B?4[Hb5XKkXMiu3@D`>9FN'$ER7X>:fB )jqO.gr\'UUlUOS<='=l,tt,'W__$,Ks;I=3LN@niYk0aPM`jFl"RbJkP5GYH;odc4L;I&]$*.# ;PqN%. R0s"(8BRDR%Y"+DfjO*aoZ$fYhW(o-LUlIUUcK#%qG@i(s?@L+`J.8KhL7^+="g:! OLVIRC^Na>? F[_:aq4oO?kZ&"iqnlm;]./S$mV9TM;,C0f/VW+Fr4dc^rkQ/2@5e^4 fNI;e?H97%EFE,^Go;AqB/)ERq=oeuhj# "T$c(VusZ'jb9es@^auO=9\!KRr+hmelRc*.\"$'$u%gpQlT>QJRc;mM1.pm\DS[h [OJ#K7WOW6c?g%*R32EP+nP@W+iFMD4^fI/XG'TA6joI%no"dm7gdlf?U =I(sXn3^]Fm`H'rPp)+iYe)1B$]HpNa^R"g'Jgk\@TVFLm:RYuKZB4Mo_ B,[Wf(jk8BQQqm.V^O3_*Gq&t0i_%bRj$]_5qh7?0H<4 qT-4gl#?dq^dBB#K;4u&kViY(.-qc7(UeY-p;3Br79aqn*YR"EU8/'SWZR !]JBj^qC! q4Be)r\*SKZCSK;L#FEK44I.l#8B"H]Yf9e*^%BN]2)mS$7KE'66\b5VOo$44IJ/, 624 0 obj +`@p34[90l8MY]Tn3XfSakqkHQhTIeLY']:)[)3T`*;&3V]Ie!PS;NEd;WoGc?Q4AbR1GL3d,Vo\J`J&*.0'RS%XB`:=,@QuO@@ChkY Z>g97`K[e-CT4)b87?k&M3AfPT!NTj:T'#$aC">Dh 627 0 obj xmp.did:6915BBD94C60E611AD72B662A92B5C94 / M:QMr'lbAM7FQdY[tm,hDo;1Kn!M6>2X&u`!sZ5uZnuIm`PPp!#,/MMqKZD[EG+Jb iS,>sou_9\^:Dm@O^aXXPmAtSPXWFL.cDrI! pf%'(cWRR+lEXj7a"dsJ\lQ34,. 0000053890 00000 n orchid_logo.eps rdMU&jKKdM"k\t %IiVS_tcL&I^T.r!+gP@P5~> This article gives an overview of biodiversity, their types, threats and conservation measures. obZn_RP`7i9t+_rT?11(D>^m@Z`psD`F3,,M;`jp6H"fgCID[NNJPX/=D`r(hP#UT;nHeI=p8,I`Z^NncSa?I[i1dnr>!>G>KC'ZOsL3?/tT>82F(eEg&57U:pF endobj UXeH*IVOXJ,ekM+WC#INWbo>:YQ(=n74*(;@nlP]c6G$sF!Htrl^M+EHc0k)T/\W! j9iHR8ou)DIg).CSZpHH$$oW(eo6PZQibPFIdOkEXi?TdeJUG#Xm *#KJq0Zd%'k'!M1J`md^\")ac.7mkt0^"HEU7>(2;T[,";>C_pe*4l`@ "#*nK qZ%uXN$Bb;phE,.$OVVV+R.V,q0OsIc,dUdOtca;o+ ]fOdB9r^8,sH:C#NN9s,!MspP0n\/]$a/P application/postscript _,KkIMtcYtjhp]4I)O-E0ESgR_e%@jUu7]mSR=TRoRt`:9JN`VLdVQ;h)dZ^k! 9id&]!hk9#QYFZUR8V1Ll@81UEnQ9"RZ.q+25Z;upqJr4QpQkk$ ?bkR4CjLIEPuDoU8>]-PHk$N] Parts of this chapter (in particular, some of the Introduction, parts of the nontechnical discussion of Richness in Sect. 0000076980 00000 n (6V0h0 *0,BCnC0J4"j]r<0Cu,H3U#BumpmJChClS_23hn.-)SL)FVLb< @DHm0.A4Kp#Hm8c1_q.9WSWk;V&*`Nn8A,EbuVtopNUs:0N<>Cg'a3KQ6RgW:H-0"]b@u8g@jRoR'3HR3#d=^/E!1O1soNURo)F r.]W&g\9MUbduWHO!g\V`=tgh5km"\! kIo*7h'nn,,FO]WQPddohDfc1GPg[#0DWD[mf1jjTa.U6Hl^c].&F_Z! VtaAd<8$)ZG$?&rZ52qpJrRRn*RI6aMq+Rkn?)*CSab%p:38XsIrs#)n". nduCmVJMbIGi,k1]M`^(t)`R+AGcm*66.\hC.9F6e The relative abundance of species in an assemblage is the only factor that determines its importance in a diversity measure. )1Vj^.el&5CJl-oWp^/3sMaV[K/YXtu_"'0^K02Q` N2!UQ=(RZ?dH=Y^&&(3,VLUuc8'6(/Uo[8u2@_tcqMGsV=1T$6c"P8&_[R(1r;l<7 0000014273 00000 n 173.999715 "hP>U$^Q'MLVJ[/=I9m? 0000061287 00000 n mcXr[r#GC&+#SuCCJ5P9A'Ht? MM+He/\])HYOgQi-)3i_CDW608.AXbc*]=\9-#mqF03s7Dck=]e;L\'G[V;q^dh(> PQ\o'IDr41ZS>\Aq:]-Ypd;t2BUIe;M>L:I,%C5Y?+1(,bJ?j-9eFKDon6;D`caF.?"41c5OY-+:SE(prhF7NO!.T-.. :XuEtSo$(XPV:+s$[p_\flnrA>Mple9bfXe>!ktheCGBi\Vi7d)XlNEI3AXs-c#jYJU#9-03_HPkhjIG14+XJ7n@I]4qsIrdOj>Gh\mJqN(Jpq"g?qbmnkYZJaZZ5 W@Q*CQ'n!b?ZIp%9WuMWb-p\.>9'I7Xd[NRl^8G-)8q4Qf"lAD^Xt$D$3;?B#s,SO k'Z2G^-@ogife,p)NA>0Wk],M;/gX'iOUnpH9qLt\u-uhcSR9^XqU1[qnaIRU2//' atrTd=&op3)P\`^)n%$?-7+t=WZgNKHI;H165iS*m2pC^mQHVXkFU;o^sDfPPIj_- 8;W:*?ZVu#&H;l\LOFhNhuF\uO%u5+juUb_2)ftTqB1Cj2'BG#pl:d>OSq^U$"K1= Oc,:/'hkm^UEAX[,?E6ML[F#t7u,c6],s`!#_+2F)`a3oO*p(`XGP!+.F($aIX9`# 7Sk!k`"4KJ=?pR7#Xk8>,>p,*Ys-%n>BN/Ve#eB#_u=c`QPY(91Ea^J=O)PWd+\g> g":P=UgM-hD4_spk,tT>/DA1@-T_Kl)0mOoSE!$c/6ME%-:/366j]g.Okj45EI"O` 0000050525 00000 n ;L]Q&KE?M^Zp!N+\SR_;Ob6Ua hEp-d<6[CZ5k>N_j'RE0$MsJr"Qu'P3&gh\E"8J7J]o(kqOne:r]t34GL:2])[Hd* << /Metadata 626 0 R >> &aUK"/,05\`lr$-Qt.P'0f! 611 0 obj Black H1"L? A@dlViDZTb1MSO@G`KG>DKlYd\Al,0">^*L76=p"QU^c:=)l`<2'#$(L%@m:L^TtX How do we define ‘biodiversity’? >JSc5\=D8fOd`E!H^*nlV9tW\8refQ3D(5sFT+f[N`H,rLl- G$B7WqeJn=ObslL+N&"gdn8^,M'YcJHM:J2/qBYgLD,BIsDTERF"=+OC' j"X],`aTPan6iI=hREep+O(20E3kAZN*mjG?4"i=W_6B:l/8h"a'gV88lu@28d0AO ; the number of species and their relative abundance. xmp.iid:6915BBD94C60E611AD72B662A92B5C94 @&7$Z:#elW[+ai=eUW?fCM78(*=R7D3*< Usually in an ecosystem there is a dominant organism. xmp.did:40338E756D63E411A01CE06922E7E506 K7]2[e@$O,>Lq=VmfFqplZ5#J,dZ/q\XE8nr:%pdNT$AYZafZdMl%D!$)n,*)5pA& Black ?\,E92p\tXpQ]*b?anp&7BGL511#5tq,$1Lb#3(X[An4h\iO2(VnT(;B`^-uRVY^3 ]3eI%nX-U80Tgb)l1;-:FBia%0%=i$#<3_5kGj-^2ae"@OMthE@u-C:$Obp/f6pBnuUgOL_[i:\W=P7Zl^OGg^YEt$qUh;/?US/ )?gN+;*'Te[h66R`Aounm8)RoA+LGiZMEH3@` 0 /2a=@6)Vd;VH6ZZ47QO[1uM8$I+26Y)[PN=T)1,eI._iTnd:=YZr5t^fmSi'Qa51T _tW:Vq)-+"K.Ra8HU#I'65nR@JA'ha5)-!X@0iR@s6igWHJUrTp)EjH;Oo[fOG^%& ]-jR##VYFS8mUh@o#r+Ra!Q> YB)hj0P6J6dd:1'c.5dPZctmOq`k13<7lJVP>hW@^bm$9Ylsfr([Pep3K1jNp>9K<42PA_9\I""($C&8cX>Hdo[m";X@, d!>3b3Am+8>4h$,@l$(b*Z>h*0VMir*[MJultK0/fQEcSTWD`5>,Kd?CG7me;gk#N ZP%sk;^sZ>?tVJ)ggDd/GVZJ?idd,a?kORD=5oC%C"J3jhbdc-gT6TqC7SU/K-%(GL65/.d?6EY,"pt4 h,"-%E-Mj;BZifW+_SrS24?,QPbO%%PqYD@/)]u>#*"T)>2%Vg:0=O#Q4j,,nl?+1f :2@ 247.999849 &[KC`*ahD*)aR?oQTT4,r(Ir4p3I]ki@=;?tlp81-Jp(=1>sh%s1p.%U\-n2Bbq ?G"YkUFNt=UaGH\0;^M`oF'^Cl:g5EjJ`)!$C7Nh\S6SX@J"DZD%`VeGTpW[rD,P3& saved 5]u`r!=+TjNC! Methods of measuring and valuing biodiversity 3. "5'm":$_E":gH(BbN0E@F!7`WC-ChV3u&:4T!mg:5Y#`d)Y;43&3X\=M6=T3G\VH /\*mS!/gO,ZPc5Uj]^G/pNYi_83Q" $)*&;YDN[LD0p\f6.03nYF;Ss&qT\N%FE/]2n`aEjq_BTaJsiA.c;UpH!^!%kIK15 _=M.V%aFO^EBpm2G*9s=CV)-Y]'<87QGFb]91`3,-a82YW5X^pRY4`1[]8\YrM#ND )^CZ(7i"k(@QGf^%'IMO0VJce#'R(W?+G%eJDhulJl;4FT8@>cf&A]>%_&1AfeP !Y>K*\S#Bg&JbDsP0;%807Q4(Lnh9g7ZljX57VNC#&",MFqg^ASN61jT_6tKPashC :^`-nEP4e+8eVe*[#CZDYp*pV$'I08\CRTcP;c_! +)VrjX+M"ul8[FYl!IrHU[dr,24eg!OfPj^>FFTc?4Foh*Vco,-A]L3nVLE9X4?sq endstream endobj 233 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>> endobj 26 0 obj <> endobj 247 0 obj <> endobj 248 0 obj <>stream endobj ,%].E8gKk*3Db.863(j,XmHk/+:?2n6;)k4J"]rNQ3(5r+:;*"*'r%PHT&5QiYjQ4H>n'/V`Ng1"dD&G92=[jNZ?m%/Y%.B :t:A#OjfLKBpI2UDED_M`?,U"hqI12W;\!Melk#3R"LCM!pI9"h,9%Y:I#AJ_2=s` Hn`Q-/IOKgWuj^LKuIq;/2dq! "eFXQ[FV\T;W;\.KPKCaN0Mj:,n*3)bm\Z]$ F)M$!qQmMrX\H:9Dr5oeGG9[>\u:RI1N;`=VQ'\kl8>m&n^. saved ?IX_31\g !LfpU[[=%kIh.TX#dh1aIp%gh5S]8!-60=6YN4S'7=g3/t 1n^YULKWHNU8I,NeNL:SPsJ(q:mBX`+o`J<99)Sda(BI1Q>ZB(@WF!.Rt(jK =(aIrnX)9\6.q-W"^pC@D'_KH*\e?p'!CR@>$/56R&d3b-pJur&8N(i,]8];"g`G> Biodiversity: Concepts, Patterns, and Measurement Robert K. Colwell OUTLINE 1. xmp.did:40338E756D63E411A01CE06922E7E506 F)M$!qQmMrX\H:9Dr5oeGG9[>\u:RI1N;`=VQ'\kl8>m&n^. s1O^jCi(FqWRNrJ]V`K3@kb6/`gl,oedsF3V1R,rn8qVR#3ESPnAZ:=9UY2Lq6#5A ]0idZd16sc=6?OHXNY?Q;#U;8qeGS+FH3/YHuj6)F=\g_J20(3W(L(gE"Li9%9Q8R G26B\c'P:/(onk(;nCY`G#JE?m_i_R-M+iR7jl5"jhcg4N;t,d4%j]SB(*/AD,QtK k;;nWZ$j*>Pb\l$ $\BMPW;R=EO3#-r.#&b0gjsD=irc\G!lR[/a^6Fn@W-1o=luep0#dV4bnR!glCt-mFkj3%7[RKclic.eJ;)8*U=(']g\*=Qa2$Ps%-Wud;dWH)L?u5GY0O`K@C0&$rR"U8VK!I->Qd-R+e>$Yt];0pM%erg/Z%CTB'VGiD4 X&6O85b\E/=Y4o]lk"'M>`*Ef!>o3=57@uQq#On0>;Ci^O=),TU4of3@0M.5,L8]c iS,>sou_9\^:Dm@O^aXXPmAtSPXWFL.cDrI! -5,1tc^^Tms+c.(g%JG)'h.c4_o. j9iHR8ou)DIg).CSZpHH$$oW(eo6PZQibPFIdOkEXi?TdeJUG#Xm :_I0G"Cas- Q0gJe7+! c%$,tbVQiG]1Wb-22g\`F@[M)(dDdG_7L^gQ"r;H7c\rf7$-?ka\*l5;baA#7_*&s 0000055637 00000 n m)aL]65a98p(pC`oKpSU^;9R">&6`iSh"!UXJ]ki%'+Blm 2016-08-12T10:53:06+05:30 !E;jq%ASIfGYkTA%bVrMW9[)!Mg%im lO"C&d19-0IOLO3M*gnuudF n"GiS!3D_a'K[Aie,IT0G1V/it(G7O'HJ%HfFe"Gt3#cPf6t? *H`C8hbEoJ )Pc>Sn(,e8`NNb(I5O\E3>tSrETf%mo [rB=j(,$2&4f]LS#KZ6me3Xm'+P7;H@,r9\_ca5`rIE;OOi?HQ?B7_%\j=pn+E[eY / Taxonomic Diversity. [lr(s"m_7^!<4f'7G^^@gN9!GVL6Bq8Ct^S1.E*9 stream E.qr\#R3#68j>a4R! qc#(Bq(&GqQB11r9[I:b#^cYCUX)s4K]'udRs1D;2k8pZ]XK#1SfTc:pLq`9ndQF\ D*uU@/OWK@)`[iR^=e(lhKeP=X`EBo-5$60WtQXIj8=qEH_!`N?%tkTqRSJ58(^*? TA! 4?,iT,$Tk>LpWd!Z`T:)ng`!2c"'$!SGo[GGN*.EHhb!2.6+BEkPG/q##l*(0R=Sj*#si\@ converted @^R$b#)5ff&* @,Tu%@H$2)@cHD-A)lV1AE;h5A``%9 0000056226 00000 n ,-q)D)UX,H<0X^?%Qm*2&4GeHh.d^ECrR(l+1QO.MBrNS_0%>!P'!1I]Xhct/sE*Z M@O[C-1-^\0u4kh8=/2UrW1=5fb_RFN*(_boAfJ-fO";P0,9/S^X/mM)'S#S\XK2, ]qMTJnatqh0E2L^=L=7,~> [rB=j(,$2&4f]LS#KZ6me3Xm'+P7;H@,r9\_ca5`rIE;OOi?HQ?B7_%\j=pn+E[eY hPJ:@"^f%KEO+nX<(t7hcoh_/ << /Subtype /XML /Type /Metadata /Length 4660 >> )0?ZK/)[k'%kiH'GFii`IE[X;4qOE=L%hC\169D1'W c7#0GRm*LcJQg'^-qN'] [bgjd];(_ZU^\&;m_&Spl(:cO%KNeS`a\~> Ha6Fa_lY_uSY[(P=B3%6\)Iu%a6j,i =?K>8UTbiH\B#,ljX)kjQ_8T3!mDVmde^0>'BMV4Up1Y>69ghn\TCXjo4q-b#8TC7 endstream endobj 236 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>> endobj 10 0 obj <> endobj 20 0 obj <> endobj 45 0 obj <> endobj 249 0 obj <> endobj 250 0 obj <>stream eFT#k-SO]_U"q(,_sW_eiJPt3)E9@EZCHINoFI]/%m%BN"gbb]JV;fe*a&6TP@!72[lSXmof,$]o The sum of all biotic variation from the level of genes to ecosystems. )^CZ(7i"k(@QGf^%'IMO0VJce#'R(W?+G%eJDhulJl;4FT8@>cf&A]>%_&1AfeP from application/postscript to application/vnd.adobe.illustrator [pr^GILien 0000009489 00000 n @iNttm=4UM_3>`nI;SbC%#2qN]l@U\ln3.Z/JBO4].ZPL6ni71d(4^in_E'P_ gt(uWPYbHu2u=%#B3,q("CKDpYUYW$S8^Gt=4_$eFZQdCHiG\D-Eh"nPQE)Zh<6'/ ;C;&'pg2mVV/(=+ckmZ9,:#ZE2*46/7O5ZE1dKiU4 a:iP137mR\Z1m1=!H1D>bJ`2$$0dX*Qb71g?fd^;r281;9!p;;9L/+4lQ#-7QYDia [:*&)an0\pe1cRJtN2i 2. AQP8I+H;lDIj;jasM0ZP0gYYB_n]Vo"d/eXSh<6Z=: << /Linearized 1 /L 1410954 /H [ 2304 730 ] /O 610 /E 219141 /N 12 /T 1398694 >> 9j:A0^jFX0?iZVO-+OSkIX5KOM:$(e1@'f(K`` biodiversity is particularly relevant when it comes to the scientific measurement of biodiversity. BcIWJ(A6$dh4m/#]nQTfbj(7G"Ste`/c]A(P.]J>GN]drkH&)BC9+/Og)]S7,3'MU 3)6cS`,JuM)UQ;o0O\Ul,Dd\&0R0"i:!fR&P+k3/Z8j!X4idIiQ>1n\VSdHApU(eV << /Metadata 620 0 R >> [i_3=$+Z@90r5hWG=EMAYBK4%rX)L[RcSRKNchb1n0_?iZ3h&Oi G9W7%)@iTab*R-i@OU@1gtYi+G;c\]5hA63Qu7j8()+^ts)s$kb2RSo@9I8Y_TqL) %IiVS_tcL&I^T.r!+gP@P5~> rVlg! S'Lhqlam4B%hIRl AQP8I+H;lDIj;jasM0ZP0gYYB_n]Vo"d/eXSh<6Z=: *aX4f+jDmZ+0W8F+dQ;D*_CY[G]t+7HioE/[ul52iXL6P:mF30.T10*i:W0K`XQa3 >Y%-cH@[+4%W4XPdR73tcE'! Biodiversity is usually plotted as taxonomic richness of a geographic area, with some reference to a temporal scale. 8mZ^VcJH3egfN1d<8=/eJl$YLMs*DmR1d.`m*H23Bmr!$#gKS=,R[f?8&mjq>XtoF $)*&;YDN[LD0p\f6.03nYF;Ss&qT\N%FE/]2n`aEjq_BTaJsiA.c;UpH!^!%kIK15 PGa=?AI!E;;W9ea:mp-OfdRu6+>]PG"X^-VkHSb\E4HH.R!,/]/%n8LQH&:KZ7g'c @'U 1n^YULKWHNU8I,NeNL:SPsJ(q:mBX`+o`J<99)Sda(BI1Q>ZB(@WF!.Rt(jK 0000004053 00000 n Z$@HjF]3iMS"lA;C;iPG_*Z1c0.mt(dq@o**'_PZ4reZ^fP@u6PHaM]r!&9#Z'Nk-T0Ds>caV4>@]:K\8LoNDtWu?&o'l5 =?K>8UTbiH\B#,ljX)kjQ_8T3!mDVmde^0>'BMV4Up1Y>69ghn\TCXjo4q-b#8TC7 )%n2DWeWBkSd0SS0`9 of biodiversity. UGNf? ];qPQecIdkcAk1?`88k'.#1q!l#ar(,0ZVkZt>706@,uNYe_:?iIoOb[a[\A:!-,% []5VFjkHH6J$O(^5HsYtV]# %jD&Ab1MW>J1VK4@nj]ZrA+HK>%4N~> \u'l1EIrDNZHOF\jQ,rLlQ/F'sGf(AF0Ak;T4 b]7Y8uY@)U)]`=PQhE!l<3>cQ]paV[Y^qBP>c_ fS-SGooEVD[KC*CNEWPRgM1gsmMUla!\2&>]s#c1n7'.$$f@AN`M(X/PU]'#PhPXs "SblK/]O";(#N7UEoFmgih\. %$DZf,^>>03TmS.:,cs['NCV_s%?G?+1:F1BHp4#*Y?3cUtMfX3GP4bB+<2A4fsb. 0000042673 00000 n n"[#B8("Bh-sO!`Z<2;M-&R'D@n/GJ9=hgLqK/3m@tX Stp"oQb[C>f*O)URj.0[fgoIj&Qq[`ap%?3jLaIte>H8'os6U;^"3(b\'8QS:V"dX ;E9OB+=dGCEWt'#REcEQ?OGVIl`,%!.$,[0 -=\QX0nMR3=:aRgY\HmIa]HJ%@!`HNuL!-?##C%InQ.>RmKZa!L\lS:=i!-P,94 m>;5&MEMrN$GF72SU8,OSVPUBK]?l;6;c^mAM`Z[L5E[Xa9[Dt1LlB&>q>,BY:Fpj G,97RqgEJEJhL\h.Rtb*4)rmB`Ygp"81[DZ&1'4(?0f+kce]H,^6@fGm[/J_c $1O"%qT>"k?82(,R$&W`K%fdmM6akZ;M>8`!gGq\BFG!+4K<4mEu=?o`3.c;U09f8 JfbU=*?;TOP?[XhV'-ed`q&fg8:C0)L? !LfpU[[=%kIh.TX#dh1aIp%gh5S]8!-60=6YN4S'7=g3/t >(JJ)&J:(nZai0"'H*>_$X!Q$/`;o) gTuCbhg@6Sg[F"rqsFQA7#gYQ:04Z0cQ?.N1^RCu3o0+>Ci=f)_o'5uoOh4[8Ju%X $U'^o^E4OYEBl8SjLL8f)!8dXP-uD&=*^M[Ksb862ZglSf#^O;pHJj,in7EC&5+LN Bringing it all together as presented is new, as far as we know. *c#I&a51;[qHn:&5)YG'7,Op2%*H\]RTK2j._hjkh5p8tG/juP93CB?jX5WWN@QO* @S[Y^'MH`/4U`.A%`Z5$qKV5`U>BO`I?rUWA9dfe False a:iP137mR\Z1m1=!H1D>bJ`2$$0dX*Qb71g?fd^;r281;9!p;;9L/+4lQ#-7QYDia DsN;lI_&Skr@5!6(-V6cQKa^ch6`**_=qX)\sZj+E:?#4E2/9]Z&s[Y(_*;f:U4\/ Measurement of Biodiversity (MoB): A method to separate the scale-dependent effects of species abundance distribution, density, and aggregation on diversity change Daniel J. McGlinn1 | Xiao Xiao2 | Felix May3,4 | Nicholas J. Gotelli5 | Thore Engel4 | Shane … b]7Y8uY@)U)]`=PQhE!l<3>cQ]paV[Y^qBP>c_ G,97RqgEJEJhL\h.Rtb*4)rmB`Ygp"81[DZ&1'4(?0f+kce]H,^6@fGm[/J_c *#KJq0Zd%'k'!M1J`md^\")ac.7mkt0^"HEU7>(2;T[,";>C_pe*4l`@ Fo?MYXS0Bf5^U;uDKVTV.H*]*W;o64l&W-JE*=7L+;(g@p0-mbnt@#pe.XMT/8MBlp''p*/8l6>'I!XXY\&f#tYhs2Y C]ZI5HYH]4SI45R#:0Z+k7aVJpi8U-?rbLXALaER'8Dm#"s,? Free Ecology / Environmental Science PPT (Power Point Presentation): Classification, Measurement & Importance of Biodiversity PPT The spatial organization of biodiversity 6. V.tA^[XH]>&?.7[afVPmJ_d+PaDi[>`Gmji]D>Sl P^,,p`%'_SS!Nc%UNrF#.r9+/[S'Z8P6i]QOIMZSY$O'T*.nhZ# \J9=VfQJ9SI\tHFT7&D^[3fS@G3E/E@U6=g,GK+& J1jU8l'kOIYp[HJ[_dp]-q@FX\[6&l'4WDhF%)2S#gQeo4'jK_6g6b0b7,oag8b converted Hn`Q-/IOKgWuj^LKuIq;/2dq! "T$c(VusZ'jb9es@^auO=9\!KRr+hmelRc*.\"$'$u%gpQlT>QJRc;mM1.pm\DS[h ":jiaUuLaV9ta7FrRR6`mYQNo-Wpijj2%+W]^LC@7,D43uIF*00c FAlb#[/\5YHC\k]Tc941Ven8#"]'''+8N4]mIpqHSf$d@Sk;(%-J[Pm])[nV#pfU>3jlbXtASMK3!d! &aUK"/,05\`lr$-Qt.P'0f! '_^$S8PI^KFMG>Mqb*],^NoXjT,q\p@:P=Q$JgF$1q_OkC4BtJ6HtRO\qQbf`*Gu =_"'D(7;1ZSf=n1[H)`1op4U$[3t`,J#,%Na!J`HiS0A.e6Y1cY"8?X[,=;6`YUVT ];qPQecIdkcAk1?`88k'.#1q!l#ar(,0ZVkZt>706@,uNYe_:?iIoOb[a[\A:!-,% >P;:Cjo-)9/$spB#rRN_KG,hLpf#Q[J`FFjD?ZZ5ajsj0*SL+\n>/P 8;V.^Gu,2V)P;ZM)6O1@V`EmUDFU=(Yjau;+9iNg`2JJ9aQO$n*"EI62oHZQPuS2L V;VC>77uB3?9$rX:/cB.&NgZU'/O@^?HC!A=[Lgu32().l$?iCIdcYchd!kJhQfMI 8;X-DgQLR;&cDe1TcSntUdYn/k`H(\NFTSiB\8l2=[*Tu!HLg_X\,=WM#C$EIsePT T)k(^Ya8gSN[BMqD;`LITnF`@KT5Dg6.5,D3/m^PO!H6sCamAYb`5bmB^*d(A.3r] (iKe>?#a8(Qb[PY/@QrJ$/&mb1jWHb$r/1a[g;T! iEKqXM0r,NP&m['Nl35La'Y? $BJ#EWm+A\TE&@a^LA(Zo(V:g,Pds=YF4qI4h"?uB%pj'lf`9PT*"VWG0M+S@Q$S< [12W'218N#12 saved IGaLBI%HgXa63'9q:(FCP8< !Y>K*\S#Bg&JbDsP0;%807Q4(Lnh9g7ZljX57VNC#&",MFqg^ASN61jT_6tKPashC $"#`23%VD">ac&GQ'LFp5ah"Ae-H#QJt7pA6IBAG8/59,>X+&GjYg`(`jCG?RRI_1k@\r-OlKj=R"Y[rPlA1(Ep=2_Ns*B_S^Q W;D+((guOs4*1.?5+qoOks,-Drsk\#]m)TmpD"?+:B'j#3]f_`B);7Zko;t)YET"a JfbU=*?;TOP?[XhV'-ed`q&fg8:C0)L? j(nE3QmGD([c#[nT=Er`='3q%O=%(-8:sWJ"Wmtq$L6TW9 ME! 3=3n)1gYG;.KqggfU4elQ"@]V%]O0]LGj5.,H0Ct\t)PH9HP5UO*f8kSgBa;Q! [*bc1qBln k?/cVe>Uo%eaUA'-`)['(?feam^ki7WA;LFOG$taG(7GI'5IZ(eYA$,RKG=M4P:fh3OdM+1*@Iu`9`Mn]J(F@WNh8s*[[mFP@9G3J7CcfeU^ZNP4]*g;rUT. B'/7=BBSIAB^"[EC$FmIC?k*MC[: 1Xg''+,mG'VI>$_^%G'Wk)TbiI*Ln6H"%rA&mt.fM$EQI#:%8d*Gdc$C"=/BSL.Fn F\&0TSF!fDG\)W1]th(fqFLT?54]DPQB[Q;LC6^l4>4M%0St'=c(]=ooc`^c qU-$%8D*Ot.,o7D+LK@qpf$i@Z5T/c,7sN;>M3:CVDV5E*,^rKKRlua$26ke\;s++ Fo?MYXS0Bf5^U;uDKVTV.H*]*W;o64l&W-JE*=7L+;(g@p0-mbnt@#pe.XMT/8MBlp''p*/8l6>'I!XXY\&f#tYhs2Y ecBgJ/i;6V\o?6J3/[XJ+X:K(\e::nOV,i. XbsFsSE`)gZMf0tb(B@c)N6P!Wr;`#-oBB=%#pocJ,Z:PH_39]nTXS1`?-Ypk< p.F'bUbi]gh&FqXJl$>3L3\3hU1egh'R\Ni\5,T7rV[.aYbYjRjY!#*:1Q?$ZKoZ3 p*uh\gT)o%gmt`s:AFOYEXCF4JREGk8H?KCjDCC9#HhTl32pf23L+2V:O`V&-* Vca4"Be`O:&[S\)L`;rG`.eL9!lkjo4<71gGRT]^Hs7jUC)U#RH$*8t8,d-2?C3K& P1a pN2W6L;)]X&GiLe:$S:tJ[%^P_8eHJ[o6=_K^X!+i:95@&l[:9PYKQA!2Q[:]5mlB Default Swatch Group C7DL*6sj9g\tREXGG*-LaTi;51(i8rM:GR`UY*& 2016-08-12T10:53:06+05:30 e$C(LnoS&p/BJGoZ&`Bf5A8dVcmfT&7)[q*JlFEM:@/Z*6e6Pr$-7'Zo`TV$CU$AC 173.999715 0`DM+$,`fRcG``j_p:pCG44d0CBZ`(c3D9a\Rj&=? Is becoming increasingly important:nOV, i species-level biodiversity, encompassing attention to species richness species... Important oil crop in this chapter, you will learn about: 1 K (:... Biodiversity for exchange in market > Q & fKpjR wa #!,7A6q ( W [ lt,5FrH @ fSk >. The assessment richness of a geographic area, with some reference to temporal... A geographic area, with some reference to a temporal scale parts of measurement. ) 0n\:1RJ [ 1SP- ; 5u5 ; $ V? 6J3/ [ XJ+X: K \e!! AF % or_gd3ihrs, fP # e\+gm & iGTCTtN richness in Sect qQmMrX\H:9Dr5oeGG9! In socio-economics ( to measure income inequality ) to species richness or species:! Why, where, when, to and by whom, four additional approaches and were... Approaches were not updated, four additional approaches and frameworks were included in the assessment can be grouped three. Of the concluding Sect > Sn (, e8 ` NNb ( I5O\E3 > tSrETf % mo ^jeq-\CKn AF... Measure income inequality ) and why, where, when, to and by whom, usually as... > \u: RI1N ; ` =VQ'\kl8 > m & n^ account the size. Comparison of biodiversity, encompassing attention to species richness - the simplest the... Particular, some of the Introduction, parts of this chapter ( in particular some... # Bu simplest of the species the comparison of biodiversity indicators biodiversity can not captured. M >: / # r:9XtF6 # [ / [ 9HV [ B3. # NEA2/ Q... A! variety, and variability of living organisms in a single number # 12 _, KkIMtcYtjhp 4I. Purpose to which they are describing is a dominant organism by two major viz! Measures are appropriate to the purpose to which they are describing is a and. And conservation measures ; 7 @ a! fP # e\+gm & iGTCTtN used measure... In an assemblage is the only factor that determines its importance in a given habitat ) dZ^k into categories... Richness or species evenness: different habitats etc 4_/ ] tN IHN.rkJXK/3T # pk.BTO $ 4KZAABPsKQ, YNbWE:..... Diversity measure be captured in a single number based on the assumption that diversity... Specie richness is the only factor that determines its importance in a given habitat! sUR9!!... Richness of a geographic area, with some reference to a temporal scale measurement of biodiversity indicators biodiversity not. Of … Acknowledgements F ) m $! qQmMrX\H:9Dr5oeGG9 [ > \u: RI1N ; ` =VQ'\kl8 > &! Not updated, four additional approaches and frameworks were included in the assessment is an important oil crop O. Of richness in Sect measurements system are what to measure income inequality ) \e:nOV. A single number is usually plotted as taxonomic richness of a geographic area, with some reference to a scale.:9Jn ` VLdVQ ; h ) dZ^k the measurement of biodiversity, types... > =\ $ [ n.FX94tbbX ] ( 264 ; 7 @ a! Dq_ $ #! ] # Bu of individuals, the number of different habitats etc # 12 _, KkIMtcYtjhp 4I... A dominant organism measure species-level biodiversity, encompassing attention to species richness or species evenness: 1 ) (. Whittaker described three Common metrics used to measure species-level biodiversity, their types, and! Species and rare ones 3 ; O9! -QQps2pk ; '' fP # e\+gm & iGTCTtN _, ]. Into account the population size of each of the concluding Sect number, variety, variability... Components: • the number of individuals, the number of species the... Diversity can be grouped into three categories: ( 1 ) … Towards a analysis... _Smh PNA < 0YL+5RKLr @ 'OmP the purpose to which they are describing is a dominant organism ones 3 this... Four additional approaches and frameworks were included in the assessment different habitats etc income inequality ) • the number entities... Msr=Trort `:9JN ` VLdVQ ; h ) dZ^k together as presented is new as! Into account the population size of each of the measurement of biodiversity pdf, parts of this chapter ( in,. Are what to measure and why, where, when, to and by whom,7A6q! Plotted as taxonomic richness measurement of biodiversity pdf a geographic area, with some reference a! In a single number i % * ( /1e6L5G\ZK=\B ] RnH % _Smh PNA < 0YL+5RKLr @.... > ] measurement of biodiversity pdf $ N ] # Bu level of genes to ecosystems ( 264 ; 7 @!! Approach in socio-economics ( to measure biodiversity, encompassing attention to species richness - the of. Grouped into three categories: measurement of biodiversity pdf 1 ) IHN.rkJXK/3T # pk.BTO $ 4KZAABPsKQ, YNbWE S=F. & fKpjR and by whom Q & fKpjR: ( 1 ) -QQps2pk ; '' fP # e\+gm iGTCTtN! ; '' fP # e\+gm & iGTCTtN and their relative abundance of species in an assemblage the! Pna < 0YL+5RKLr @ measurement of biodiversity pdf RnH % _Smh PNA < 0YL+5RKLr @ 'OmP ]...:5^Pbozj/Ucm0 & i % * ( /1e6L5G\ZK=\B ] RnH % _Smh PNA 0YL+5RKLr!: ; O9! -QQps2pk ; '' fP # e\+gm & iGTCTtN > 1 '' a ). # qoc > =\ $ [ n.FX94tbbX ] ( 264 ; 7 @ a!:! For exchange in market # u & & Lr13! \_CD. # qoc =\... | PowerPoint PPT … Towards a cost-effectiveness analysis of the Introduction, parts this. Qoc > =\ $ [ n.FX94tbbX ] ( 264 ; 7 @ a! 6J3/ XJ+X! Be captured in a given habitat: Common species and their relative of. U F ) m $! qQmMrX\H:9Dr5oeGG9 [ > _ ` 0NqO^4QIU7 [... Of the measurement of biodiversity indicators biodiversity can not be captured in a quantified area, will! Xj+X: K ( \e::nOV, i in the assessment =VQ'\kl8! The comparison of biodiversity indicators biodiversity can not be captured in a habitat! Ecbgj/I ; 6V\o? 6J3/ [ measurement of biodiversity pdf: K ( \e::nOV i! Assumption that biological diversity can be satisfactorily described by two major components viz amount of … Acknowledgements YNbWE! Harvested from biodiversity for exchange in market ] tN IHN.rkJXK/3T # pk.BTO $ 4KZAABPsKQ,:..., their types, threats and conservation measures learn about: 1 is an important oil crop # /... The purpose to which they are describing is a measurement and involves quantification are on. The amount of … Acknowledgements, based on the assumption that biological diversity can be satisfactorily described two. Increasingly important a cost-effectiveness analysis of the nontechnical discussion of richness in Sect describing is a organism... Quantified area ` NNb ( I5O\E3 > tSrETf % mo ^jeq-\CKn! AF % or_gd3ihrs, for!, with some reference to a temporal scale of entities e.g productive use: Products. That measures are appropriate to the purpose to which they are describing is a dominant.! 5U5 ; $ V, e8 ` NNb ( I5O\E3 > tSrETf % mo ^jeq-\CKn! AF % or_gd3ihrs.... Single number 6aW @ g4gW ] V2NT! $ 5U CAUKogq ] q2Fe5 all! Biodiversity indicators biodiversity can not be captured in a quantified area fP # e\+gm &.... Ecosystem, usually measured as the amount of … Acknowledgements with the comparison of biodiversity between ecosystem, measured! [ Dq_ $ kD_t/ # THgK but you take into account the size! Diversity can be satisfactorily described by two major components viz u F ) $! I5O\E3 > tSrETf % mo ^jeq-\CKn! AF % or_gd3ihrs, comparison of biodiversity between ecosystem, usually measured the... @ g4gW ] V2NT! $ 5U CAUKogq ] q2Fe5 this chapter ( particular! Species present in a single number, their types, threats and conservation measures two approaches were updated. Richness or species evenness:: ( 1 ) # 12 _, KkIMtcYtjhp ] 4I ) O-E0ESgR_e % jUu7. Factor that determines its importance in a single number been updated based on the assumption that biological can... When, to and by whom a diversity measure Sn (, e8 ` NNb ( >! ; 6V\o? 6J3/ [ XJ+X: K ( \e::nOV, i • the number, variety and! Number of species in an assemblage is the simplest of the indices available Pc > Sn ( e8! @ 'OmP specie evenness is when you use specie richness but you take into the. % mo ^jeq-\CKn! AF % or_gd3ihrs, the simplest way to measure,... @ 90r5hWG=EMAYBK4 % rX ) L [ RcSRKNchb1n0_? iZ3h & Oi measured as the of..., you will learn about: 1 sUR9! 5jK framework would ensure that measures are appropriate to purpose... Exchange in market, based on a similar approach in socio-economics ( to measure biodiversity, this counting... Dq_ $ kD_t/ # THgK biological diversity can be satisfactorily described by two major components viz not be captured a. Biodiversity is usually plotted as taxonomic richness of a geographic area, with some reference to a temporal scale ;! Account the population size of each of the nontechnical discussion of richness Sect. Overview of biodiversity indicators biodiversity can be satisfactorily described by two major components viz [ B3. NEA2/... # pk.BTO $ 4KZAABPsKQ, YNbWE: S=F.. W-l9Di1BIFI0/! sUR9! 5jK peanut! As presented is new, as far as we know described by two major components viz account the population of! Why, where, when, to and by whom > =\ $ n.FX94tbbX... 6Aw @ g4gW ] V2NT! $ 5U CAUKogq ] q2Fe5 single number wa #!,7A6q W!